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Antigen

/ˈæn.tɪ.dʒən/noun
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An antigen is a molecule, often a protein or carbohydrate, that is recognized by the immune system as foreign and triggers an antibody response to protect the body. In everyday applications like vaccines or allergy treatments, antigens play a pivotal role in building immunity without causing full-blown disease, highlighting their dual nature as both threats and tools in modern medicine.

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The discovery of blood group antigens by Karl Landsteiner in 1901 not only earned him a Nobel Prize but also drastically reduced fatal blood transfusion reactions, saving an estimated hundreds of thousands of lives annually through safer medical practices worldwide.

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